2020年1月23日木曜日

【offer information】Okayama University Medical Research Updates (OU-MRU) Vol.67「Technology to rapidly detect cancer markers for cancer diagnosis」

Source: Okayama University (JAPAN), Public Relations Division
For immediate release: 29 April 2019
Okayama University research: Technology to rapidly detect cancer markers for cancer diagnosis

(Okayama, 29 April) Researchers at Okayama University report in the journal Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical that terahertz radiation can be used to rapidly detect makers for breast-cancer cells. The scientists present a technique that makes use of the binding properties of aptamers, synthetic organic molecules acting as probes for cancer cells.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Detecting it in time is crucial for treatment to be successful. X-ray screening (mammography) is the standard detection technique but is not without risk as it involves exposure of a patient to ionizing radiation. Another approach for detecting breast cancer cells is based on terahertz (THz) radiation, which is sensitive to polar molecules like water — normal and cancer tissues do not have the same water content. Associate Professor Toshihiko Kiwa (Okayama University, Japan) and Professor Tsuneyuki Ozaki (INRS : Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Canada) and colleagues have now discovered a way to increase the sensitivity of THz radiation for the detection of makers of breast cancer cells, implying that ‘THz chemical microscopy’ could become a powerful alternative screening technique.

The key principle underlying the method of Associate Professor Kiwa and colleagues is that cancer and normal breast cells bind and don’t bind, respectively, to certain molecules known as aptamers. The aptamers consist of (single-stranded) DNA or RNA fragments; they have a high affinity for particular molecules — in the experiments of the team of Associate Professor Kiwa, these molecules were breast cancer cells.

The experimental setup of the researchers involved a sensing plate, consisting of a sapphire substrate, and silicon and silicon dioxide thin films. The aptamers were fixed to the top layer. Irradiating the plate with a specific laser creates charge carriers, the motion of which generates electromagnetic radiation in the THz range. The precise THz response depends, however, on whether the aptamers are ‘freestanding’ (no cells attached) or not (breast-cancer cells attached). The former corresponds to the situation where the sample on the sensing plate only consists of normal cells; for the latter, the sample contains breast-cancer cells.

The scientists noted that the detection method is highly sensitive: the so-called ‘limit of detection’ was found to be as low as 1 cancer cell in 0.1 milliliter of sample. Moreover, a qualitative assessment of a sample seems possible, as the change in THz signal can be associated with the number of cancer cells per aptamer. Although further investigation on the latter association is needed, Associate Professor Kiwa and colleagues conclude that “… the results obtained from this study can be the spark of new evolution in the detection of breast cancer.”

Background
Mammography

Mammography is the procedure in which low-energy X-rays are used to screen the human breast for cancer. Although it is the standard technique for breast cancer detection, the use of X-rays implies exposure to ionizing radiation. Because there have also been cases of false positives (apparent detection of breast cancer in a healthy patient) and false negatives (missed detections), alternative detection methods are desired. Associate Professor Toshihiko Kiwa and Professor Tsuneyuki Ozaki and colleagues have now reported a promising detection technique, in which a tissue sample is investigated by terahertz (THz) radiation.

Aptamers
Aptamers are short DNA or RNA molecules, or molecules built from peptides, that can bind to specific molecules. Associate Professor Kiwa and colleagues used the binding properties of two aptamers, mammaglobin B1 (MAMB1) and mammaglobin A2 (MAMA2). These aptamers bind to proteins (mammaglobin B and mammaglobin A, respectively) that are overexpressed in typical breast-cancer cells. Attached to a special engineered sensing plate, freestanding and bound (to cancer cells) aptamers have a different response to terahertz radiation. This difference can be used to distinguish a tissue sample with breast-cancer cells from a sample with only normal cells.

Reference
Eman M. Hassan, Ahmed Mohamed, Maria C. DeRos, William G. Willmore, Yuki Hanaoka, Toshihiko Kiwa, Tsuneyuki Ozaki. High-sensitivity detection of metastatic breast cancer cells via terahertz chemical microscopy using aptamers. Sensors & Actuators: B. Chemical, 287 (2019), 595–601.
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.02.019


Reference (Okayama Univ. e-Bulletin): Associate Professor Kiwa’s team
e-Bulletin Vol.4:
Unique terahertz chemical microscope for mapping chemical reactions
e-Bulletin Vol.10:Simple, compact, highly sensitive SQUID based magnetic field measurement sysytem to detection of a very small magnetic signals
e-Bulletin Vol.11:High-performance Terahertz Project kick-off symposium
e-Bulletin Vol.13:Terahertz chemical microscope: Innovative terahertz technology for high resolution mapping of chemical reactions, label free immunoassays, cosmetics research, and more
OU-MRU Vol.54 (2018):Measuring ion concentration in solutions for clinical and environmental research

News
High-Performance Terahertz Project Kick-off Symposium (January 08, 2015)
Student Exchange Agreement Concluded with Canada’s INRS (October 18, 2016)

Correspondence to
Associate Professor Toshihiko Kiwa, Ph.D.
Advanced Electro Measurement Technology Laboratory,
Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering
in Health Systems, Okayama University,
3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
kiwa(a)okayama-u.ac.jp
For inquiries, please contact us by replacing (a) with the @ mark.
http://www.ec.okayama-u.ac.jp/~sense/index.html

Further information
Okayama University
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Okayama Univ. e-Bulletin: www.okayama-u.ac.jp/user/kouhou/ebulletin/
About Okayama University (You Tube): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDL1coqPRYI
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Okayama University Medical Research Updates (OU-MRU)
The whole volume : OU-MRU (1- )
Vol.1:Innovative non-invasive ‘liquid biopsy’ method to capture circulating tumor cells from blood samples for genetic testing
Vol.2:Ensuring a cool recovery from cardiac arrest
Vol.3:Organ regeneration research leaps forward
Vol.4:Cardiac mechanosensitive integrator
Vol.5:Cell injections get to the heart of congenital defects
Vol.6:Fourth key molecule identified in bone development
Vol.7:Anticancer virus solution provides an alternative to surgery
Vol.8:Light-responsive dye stimulates sight in genetically blind patients
Vol.9:Diabetes drug helps towards immunity against cancer
Vol.10:Enzyme-inhibitors treat drug-resistant epilepsy
Vol.11:Compound-protein combination shows promise for arthritis treatment
Vol.12:Molecular features of the circadian clock system in fruit flies
Vol.13:Peptide directs artificial tissue growth
Vol.14:Simplified boron compound may treat brain tumours
Vol.15:Metamaterial absorbers for infrared inspection technologies
Vol.16:Epigenetics research traces how crickets restore lost limbs
Vol.17:Cell research shows pathway for suppressing hepatitis B virus
Vol.18:Therapeutic protein targets liver disease
Vol.19:Study links signalling protein to osteoarthritis
Vol.20:Lack of enzyme promotes fatty liver disease in thin patients
Vol.21:Combined gene transduction and light therapy targets gastric cancer
Vol.22:Medical supportive device for hemodialysis catheter puncture
Vol.23:Development of low cost oral inactivated vaccines for dysentery
Vol.24:Sticky molecules to tackle obesity and diabetes
Vol.25:Self-administered aroma foot massage may reduce symptoms of anxiety
Vol.26:Protein for preventing heart failure
Vol.27:Keeping cells in shape to fight sepsis
Vol.28:Viral-based therapy for bone cancer
Vol.29:Photoreactive compound allows protein synthesis control with light
Vol.30:Cancer stem cells’ role in tumor growth revealed
Vol.31:Prevention of RNA virus replication
Vol.32:Enzyme target for slowing bladder cancer invasion
Vol.33:Attacking tumors from the inside
Vol.34:Novel mouse model for studying pancreatic cancer
Vol.35:Potential cause of Lafora disease revealed
Vol.36:Overloading of protein localization triggers cellular defects
Vol.37:Protein dosage compensation mechanism unravelled
Vol.38:Bioengineered tooth restoration in a large mammal
Vol.39:Successful test of retinal prosthesis implanted in rats
Vol.40:Antibodies prolong seizure latency in epileptic mice
Vol.41:Inorganic biomaterials for soft-tissue adhesion
Vol.42:Potential drug for treating chronic pain with few side effects
Vol.43:Potential origin of cancer-associated cells revealed
Vol.44:Protection from plant extracts
Vol.45:Link between biological-clock disturbance and brain dysfunction uncovered
Vol.46:New method for suppressing lung cancer oncogene
Vol.47:Candidate genes for eye misalignment identified
Vol.48:Nanotechnology-based approach to cancer virotherapy
Vol.49:Cell membrane as material for bone formation
Vol.50:Iron removal as a potential cancer therapy
Vol.51:Potential of 3D nanoenvironments for experimental cancer
Vol.52:A protein found on the surface of cells plays an integral role in tumor growth and sustenance
Vol.53:Successful implantation and testing of retinal prosthesis in monkey eyes with retinal degeneration
Vol.54:Measuring ion concentration in solutions for clinical and environmental research
Vol.55:Diabetic kidney disease: new biomarkers improve the prediction of the renal prognosis
Vol.56:New device for assisting accurate hemodialysis catheter placement
Vol.57:Possible link between excess chewing muscle activity and dental disease
Vol.58:Insights into mechanisms governing the resistance to the anti-cancer medication cetuximab
Vol.59:Role of commensal flora in periodontal immune response investigated
Vol.60:Role of commensal microbiota in bone remodeling
Vol.61:Mechanical stress affects normal bone development
Vol.62:3D tissue model offers insights into treating pancreatic cancer
Vol.63:Promising biomarker for vascular disease relapse revealed
Vol.64:Inflammation in the brain enhances the side-effects of hypnotic medication
Vol.65:Game changer: How do bacteria play Tag ?
Vol.66:
Is too much protein a bad thing?

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