Release Subtitle: Associations between secondhand smoke, sleep quality, and sleep bruxism.
Release Summary Text:
Sleep bruxism is non-functional activity and sometimes harmful to oral
health. Present study reports that association between secondhand smoke,
sleep bruxism, sleep quality and sleep quality in Japanese young adult
females. Poor sleep quality is indirectly associated with secondhand
smoke through it. So, we should pay attention to a new harmful aspect
of secondhand smoke exposure for good sleep and healthy life.
Full text of release:
Highlight
・Sleep quality was directly associated with secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in females.
・SHS exposure was indirectly associated with sleep bruxism in females.
・No associations were observed in males between SHS exposure, sleep quality and sleep bruxism.
Introduction
Sleep bruxism, a major sleep disorder that adversely affects oral
health, is defined by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine as
“repetitive jaw muscle activity characterized by the clenching or
grinding of teeth and/or bracing or thrusting of the mandible”. It can
lead to tooth wear, tooth or restoration fracture, hypersensitive or
painful teeth, loss of periodontal support, pain in the
temporomandibular joint or jaw muscles, headaches, and masticatory
muscle hypertrophy [Beddis et al, 2018]. Thus, dentists often encounter
the adverse effects of sleep bruxism in the clinical setting.
Sleep bruxism is considered a multifactorial disease. Some studies have
reported risk factors for sleep bruxism, including gender, age, alcohol
drinking, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and disorders of the
dopaminergic system [Câmara-Souza et al, 2019]. However, the causes of
sleep bruxism remain unclear.
Smoking is also known to be a risk factor for sleep bruxism [Rintakoski
et al, 2010] and to affect sleep quality adversely [Purani et al, 2019].
Tobacco smoke includes over 4000 chemicals, more than 200 of which are
harmful [Roemer et al, 2004]. Sleep bruxism can be induced by smoking,
which also adversely affects sleep quality. Smokers can harm health of
their family as well as own health. However, the effect of secondhand
smoke (SHS) exposure on sleep quality and sleep bruxism remain unclear.
The objective of present study was to clarify the associations between
sleep bruxism, sleep quality, and SHS exposure.
Methods
The inclusion criteria were adults aged between 18 and 19 years,
non-smokers and non-alcohol drinkers. The exclusion criteria were
failing to complete the questionnaire in full. We performed oral
examinations and self-questionnaires for Japanese university students,
and then assessed SHS exposure, sleep quality, and sleep bruxism, as
shown below:
・SHS exposure
Q. Does anyone in your family smoke? (current smoker/past smoker/nonsmoker)
・Sleep quality
The Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-J) (score: 0-21).
The score >5 was considered “poor sleep”.
・Sleep bruxism
The third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3).
In self-administered questionnaires, we asked “Has anyone heard you
grinding your teeth while you were asleep at night? (yes/no)”, “How
often is your jaw fatigued or sore on walking in the morning?
(frequently/sometimes/rarely/never)”, “How often do you have a temporal
headache in the morning? (frequently/sometimes/rarely/never)”.
・Other
Gender, age, smoking and drinking status
Results
A total of 1781 Japanese young adults (970 males [54.5%] and 811 females
[45.5%]) were analyzed in present study. Young adult females who had
been exposed to SHS had worse sleep quality than those who had not.
Young adult females with worse sleep quality showed higher prevalence of
sleep bruxism than those with better sleep quality. Finally, we showed
that SHS exposure was indirectly associated with sleep bruxism through
poor sleep quality in Japanese young adult females. However, no
association was found among young adult males between SHS exposure,
sleep quality, and sleep bruxism.
Conclusion
SHS exposure indirectly related to sleep bruxism via poor sleep quality
among Japanese young females. The specific point of present study is
that SHS exposure influenced sleep quality and oral health. As SHS
exposure is a main topic in public health, we should pay attention to a
new harmful aspect of SHS exposure for getting good sleep and healthy
life.
Author comment
Toyama said “I emphasize that SHS exposure can influence sleep quality
and oral health from our study. In Japan, smoking in public places is
prohibited to prevent secondhand smoke exposure from April 2020. I think
that secondhand smoke exposure at home is also mattered. I hope that
the present study is a chance to think about risks of SHS at home. Then,
in the near future, I believe that there are no children and
adolescents who experience undesired SHS exposure all over the world.”
Reference:
Title of original paper: Associations Between Sleep Bruxism, Sleep
Quality, and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in Japanese Young Adults: A
Cross-Sectional Study
Journal: Sleep Medicine
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2019.09.003
Contact:
TOYAMA Naoki
E-mail: pu171qxi(a)s.okayama-u.ac.jp
For inquiries, please contact us by replacing (a) with the @ mark.
Website: http://www.cc.okayama-u.ac.jp/~preventive_dentistry/top.html (Japanese)
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